Visualised: Green Jobs in Indonesia
This month's visualisation highlights key findings from Prospera's analysis of green jobs in Indonesia's labour market. Using data from the 2022 National Labour Force Survey, jobs across eight priority sectors were classified as green, potentially green, or non-green. The classification followed a "task-based" approach developed by the World Bank and adapted for Indonesia, assessing whether a job involves tasks that support environmental sustainability.
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Job Classifications
Green Jobs
Green jobs are occupations that include at least one task specifically related to environmentally friendly activities, such as carbon reduction, emission reduction, deforestation prevention and clean technology.
Potential Green Jobs
Potential green jobs are occupations that are not yet fully green but have the potential to become green as technology evolves, including many roles in the agriculture sector.
Non-Green Jobs
Non-green jobs are those occupations that do not include any tasks that are green or have the potential to be green in the future.
Workforce Overview
Of Indonesia's 130 million workers, only 2.6% are in green jobs. However, more than a third (36%) are in roles with the potential to become green – especially as technology advances and environmental policies strengthen.
Men are overrepresented in both green and green-potential jobs, likely reflecting the broader gender gap in STEM education and technical fields.
Workers based on green job status
Source: 2022 National Labour Force Survey, Indonesia
Workers based on green job status and gender
Source: 2022 National Labour Force Survey, Indonesia
Sector Trends
Agriculture – the priority sector employing the most people – currently has less than 1% of its 35 million workers in green jobs – but over 95% hold roles with green potential.
In the marine and forestry sectors, more than half the workforce is in potentially green jobs. However, these sectors are relatively small, employing a combined 2.7 million people.
Sectors offering green employment
Source: 2022 National Labour Force Survey, Indonesia
Job Security and Quality
A larger share of green jobs offer middle-class security, compared with non-green jobs. Security from potential green jobs drops further.
The formality, security and permanency of jobs with green potential requires improvement
Source: 2022 National Labour Force Survey, Indonesia
Regional Patterns
Regionally, green employment is concentrated in agricultural and coastal areas, particularly in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Green-potential jobs are more widely dispersed, though more prevalent in rural than urban areas. Industrial regions like Java, dominated by manufacturing, show the lowest share of both green and green-potential roles.
Green jobs are concentrated in rural and coastal areas like Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, where natural resource management is a key economic activity.
Source: 2022 National Labour Force Survey, Indonesia